The realization of pregnancy, which allows couples to meet the babies they dream of, is a very natural but equally complex process. Factors such as healthy egg production in women, quality sperm production in men, the condition of fallopian tubes that allow sperm to reach the egg, sperm fertilizing the egg, and the fertilized egg being able to implant in the uterus are among the main factors that affect this natural but complex process. The most significant obstacle to a healthy pregnancy and childbirth process is infertility, which occurs when the body cannot perform its reproductive function. The likelihood of infertility increases with age and can develop due to a single cause or multiple factors in both women and men.
If a couple is unable to conceive after a year of regular and unprotected intercourse, infertility may be a concern. In this case, it is crucial for both prospective parents to undergo medical evaluations and tests to determine their conditions. The initial step involves interviewing the couple to understand their processes and health histories. Information such as whether the woman has been pregnant before, her menstrual cycle, hereditary health problems in both partners, and the treatments they have received is important. Additionally, the woman's reproductive organs, including the cervix, uterus, and ovaries, should be evaluated through physical examination and ultrasound. This assessment can easily identify factors such as infections, fibroids, polyps, ovarian cysts, or low egg count that may hinder conception. Furthermore, an HSG (uterine X-ray) may be performed to assess the uterine channels. Hormone tests are essential to identify hormonal imbalances that may negatively affect egg development.
To determine if the issue lies with the male partner, a sperm test is conducted, examining the volume, concentration, and shape of sperm cells. The percentage of abnormally shaped sperm should be less than 40%, and the sperm volume should be between 2-5 ml. While a man with low sperm count may still have a chance of becoming a father, the likelihood is reduced.
One of the primary causes of infertility is endometriosis, also known as chocolate cysts. Endometriosis, a common health issue among women aged 25-34, negatively impacts the quality of eggs and the function of fallopian tubes. It can also cause adhesions within the abdominal cavity. Diagnosis of endometriosis involves a comprehensive gynecological examination, including pelvic examination, ultrasound, MRI, and laparoscopy.
The main causes of endometriosis include genetic factors, retrograde menstruation, the spread of endometrial cells through blood circulation or the lymphatic system, and infections related to the immune system.
This text is provided for informational purposes only, and consultation with a specialist is recommended when necessary.
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